In recent years, greenhouses have evolved from seasonal winter solutions to year-round production hubs. Climate change and unpredictable weather patterns are making open-field farming increasingly risky, pushing farmers toward controlled-environment agriculture. Azerbaijan is no exception—regions like Ismayilli and Tovuz are witnessing a shift as growers adopt greenhouse technologies to maintain consistent yields.
Challenges and Adaptations
A Tovuz-based farmer highlighted key challenges in operating greenhouses throughout the year:
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Extreme Summer Heat: Temperatures inside greenhouses can soar, requiring additional cooling systems, which increase costs and technical demands.
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Water and Ventilation Management: Precise irrigation and airflow control are crucial to prevent crop stress.
However, the farmer noted that pest control is easier in greenhouses compared to open fields—a major advantage for high-value crops like tomatoes and cucumbers.
Economic Considerations
While greenhouses offer production stability, they come at a higher cost. Farmers report that greenhouse-grown produce has a higher production cost, which can affect market pricing. According to recent FAO data, energy and cooling expenses contribute significantly to these costs, making efficient technology adoption critical for profitability.
Year-round greenhouse farming in Azerbaijan presents a viable solution to climate uncertainties, offering better pest control and consistent yields. However, high operational costs remain a barrier. Strategic investments in energy-efficient cooling and automation could enhance sustainability, making greenhouse farming more accessible for small and large-scale growers alike.
