The Rise of Organic Greenhouse Farming in Indonesia
In response to increasing consumer demand for chemical-free food, organic farming has gained traction worldwide. Indonesia is no exception. In regions like Prigen, East Java, initiatives like those at Kaliandra Eco Resort and Farm are setting new benchmarks in sustainable agriculture. Covering 40 hectares, this eco-farm collaborates with over 30 small-scale farmers, promoting environmentally friendly farming techniques while ensuring profitability.
Organic vegetable farming in Indonesia is not just a trend—it’s a necessity. According to the Organic Trade Association, the global organic food market is expected to reach $620 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 9.7%. Indonesia’s domestic organic market, though still emerging, is experiencing rapid growth, driven by rising consumer awareness and government support.
Greenhouse Cultivation: A Pathway to High-Quality Organic Produce
Farmers like Na’i, who has been growing organic vegetables for the past four years, exemplify the shift towards greenhouse cultivation. With three greenhouses measuring 23×6 meters, he grows 25 varieties of premium organic vegetables, including cherry tomatoes, Japanese spinach, broccoli, and beetroot. Harvesting three times a week, his farm supplies high-end supermarkets catering to health-conscious consumers.
Despite higher operational costs, Na’i and other organic farmers remain committed to sustainable practices. Instead of chemical fertilizers, they use goat manure to enrich the soil. To control pests, they create organic pesticides from Thitonia Tagetiflora Desf (Mexican sunflower) leaves soaked in water—a method that has proven effective in protecting crops without harming the environment.
Challenges and Economic Viability of Organic Farming
Organic farming presents both opportunities and challenges. One major hurdle is the cost of organic fertilizers and pest control methods, which are often higher than conventional alternatives. Additionally, organic yields tend to be lower, especially during the rainy season, when production can drop by up to 50%.
However, initiatives such as Indonesia’s Ministry of Agriculture’s allocation of 500,000 tons of organic fertilizers in 2025 demonstrate a commitment to supporting farmers. Research also suggests that integrated organic-inorganic fertilization strategies, like the Agro Sinergi model, can enhance productivity while reducing environmental impact.
The Future of Organic Agriculture in Indonesia
The long-term sustainability of organic farming depends on continued investment in education, infrastructure, and market development. If properly supported, greenhouse organic farming can play a crucial role in ensuring food security while preserving natural resources. Farmers like Na’i are not just growing vegetables—they are cultivating a future where agriculture is both profitable and environmentally responsible.
Organic farming, particularly through greenhouse cultivation, is transforming agriculture in Indonesia. Despite challenges, innovative farmers are proving that sustainability and profitability can coexist. With continued support from government initiatives and scientific advancements, organic agriculture can become a cornerstone of Indonesia’s food security strategy.
